Pic 1 Rear brake but i guess you knew that already

Pic 2 If those wires are the same colour, then yes connect them.
Pic3 Probably live to starter if only 1 large wire in the plastic tube.
Pic 4 Bridged side stand cut out switch wire
Pic 5 Starter solenoid.
To find main earth for bike follow from - terminal on battery to chassis and check to ensure good contact
Should be 3 wires to tail light. + for brake light, + for tail light and the - or earth, you can find which is which by using a multi meter and checking continuity to earth ( chassis).
You also need to test how much juice is in the battery should be about 12.9V while engine off and between 13-15 with engine running. Whilst engine is running turn on all lights( high beam) and test again, if volts have dropped dramatically then could be faulty reg/rec.
My guess is battery is shite.
Good Luck and i think you r gonna need it.
L